Work on the assumption that whenever you give out your SSN to a business you will have a credit check. So checking on a car at a dealership where you take a test drive will not entail a credit check unless you begin talking about financing. This frequently will come when you are haggling the price and they 'need to talk with my manager'. Avoid the problem. Don't give out your SSN.*
If you are opening a bank account you will need to give your SSN**. Otherwise you cannot and should not give out your SSN. I have had both Chase and BOA ask for a SSN when we are just discussing an account. With Chase I aborted the shop because the banker would give me no information without it. I reported what happened and was paid.
Insurance shops want a SSN to check if you are a good risk. Don't give out your SSN*
I haven't seen them lately, but there was a cell phone shop where you were supposed to contract for service and then return the phone and cancel the service within the 'trial period'. There is no way you can do this shop without a credit check being done.
*Here is my 'how to' for not giving out my SSN. I know that my credit score fluctuates normally between about 810 and 830. I have a Discover card that I do at least one transaction per month so that it prints my score on my monthly bill and there is nothing on that bill that shows my SSN. My first approach with a car price haggle or insurance shop is to say, "I know I have good credit and that my score is over ________. Based on that, can you give me a quote/price? If I like the deal you are offering I will hold you to that quote/price only if when you actually do check my credit you find it is approximately what I am telling you it is." I may even show them my most recent Discover statement showing my score. If they won't cooperate to get the sale, I abort and report.
** Most banks and credit unions use a system that is interior to the banking system to check potential customers. My understanding is that it shows if you have bounced checks at other banks with any frequency, closed out an account leaving a debit balance you have never repaid, etc. That is not true of all banks and credit unions. I was stunned when I reactivated a checking account that had gone dormant at my credit union. The guy started putting in information and was sort of taken aback. He turned to me and said, "I've never seen a credit score as high as 832!" I assume that as an existing client that check of my credit did not count as a 'hit'. Anyway, if you have to open an account with a shop, explain that later in the year you are going to need to replace a car (or plan to buy or refinance a house) so ask if they can open the account without doing a hit to your credit (again, I would have a recent Discover statement in my purse). One banker told me that they could open a savings account with no credit check but would have to do a credit check for a checking account. He advised that I open a savings account this week and then in a month I could open a checking account as an 'existing customer' and they would do no credit check. It is up to YOU to let folks know that you care about your credit standing and don't want them hitting it until and unless you actually are going to do business with them.